Suchergebnisse

This cumulative dissertation investigates transnational solidarity in times of crises in the context of the European Union (EU). In order to realize solidarity policies that are democratically legitimate, the EU requires the support of its population. To that end, the dissertation at hand takes an individual level approach. In three original articles, I empirically analyze transnational solidarity based on survey data and shed light on varying conceptual, state and stakeholder perspectives, which have remained unexplored in previous research. The first paper investigates a two-dimensional concept of transnational solidarity derived from the literature on national welfare states differentiating between risk-sharing and redistribution. Despite diverse levels of transnational solidarity in EU member states, citizens share a similar understanding of the overall concept. Therefore, it is feasible to compare transnational solidarity across borders. The following two papers build on this conceptual comparability and refer to the identified risk-sharing dimension during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. The second paper examines the willingness of voters from a debt-ridden state to accept crisis bailout conditions, whereas the third paper studies politicians' perspectives on granting such monetary bailout. For both studies, I find that the individual's socio-economic attitudes as well as the EU attitudes matter. Moreover, the economic and information contexts individuals find themselves in play a direct and moderating role. These findings are in line with previous studies on support for EU-wide financial assistance in the broader EU population. Thus, voters and political elites from states in different crisis roles seem to base their preferences for transnational solidarity on similar considerations. This can be interpreted as a positive signal for further European integration and democratic representation alike. Following from that, the overall findings of my cumulative dissertation are manifold and make important contributions to hitherto unexplored gaps in the literature. Firstly, the insights gained contribute to a more sophisticated conceptualization of transnational solidarity and demonstrate that citizens' understanding of the concept indeed is comparable between the EU countries studied. Secondly, my work sheds light on understudied state and stakeholder perspectives taken during the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, thus contributing to a deeper knowledge of transnational solidarity and underlying motivations at that time. In terms of current political debates, the EU has to decide how to jointly tackle current and future EU crises. Turning from a mostly economic community to a union of enacted values requires a common understanding of transnational solidarity as well as comparable mindsets of individuals from diverse state and stakeholder perspectives. The present dissertation supports the existence of both these preconditions.

Europeans proclaim a readiness to engage for solidarity in support of others, even across their most immediate environment. However, our knowledge is rather limited on how widespread transnational European solidarity might be. Additionally, we do not know what kinds of beliefs and ideas are patterning cognitively the popular conceptions of transnational European solidarity. This article aims to present fresh insights on all these aspects. The analysis is based on a survey conducted in the context of the TransSOL project. This survey provides data about citizens reporting to have supported people abroad through various practices. In conceptual and theoretical terms, the article wishes to analyze and discuss transnational European solidarity from the perspective of political citizenship. Findings show that solidarity activities in support of other Europeans are more likely among citizens with "civic" skills and commitments, stronger identifications with the European Union, and preferences for more inclusive social rights.

This book excavates forgotten histories of solidarity which were vital to radical political imagination during the long sixties. It decentres the conventional Western loci of this critical historical moment by instead foregrounding transnational solidarity with, and across, anticolonial and anti-imperialist liberation struggles.

The book analyses the concept and conditions of transnational solidarity, its challenges and opportunities, drawing on diverse disciplines as Law, Political Science, Sociology, Philosophy, Psychology and History. In the contemporary world, we see two major opposing trends. The first involves nationalistic and populistic movements. Transnational solidarity has been under pressure for a decade because of, among others, global economic and migration crises, leading to populistic and authoritarian leadership in some European countries, the United States and Brazil. Countries withdraw from international commitments on climate, trade and refugees and the European Union struggles with Brexit. The second trend, partly a reaction to the first, is a strengthened transnational grass-root community - a cosmopolitan movement - which protests primarily against climate change. Based on interdisciplinary reflections on the concept of transnational solidarity, its challenges and opportunities are analysed, drawing on Europe as a focal case study for a broader, global perspective.

"This book has been brought to life in a period where transnational solidarity and cooperation seemed to be moving backwards rather than forwards. This was among others reflected in the so called refugee crisis in Europe in 2015. After the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom in June 2016, and presidential elections in the US later the same year, the political agenda took a turn towards focusing primarily on the internal national perspective in relation to areas such as environmental protection, aid to countries in the Third World and trade with the outside world. It still remains to be seen when and how the United Kingdom will be leaving the European Union. In general, the EU has experienced a number of crises, among others an economic and financial crisis and later the refugee crisis, during the past years. These crises have challenged transnational solidarity in Europe. This development in Europe and the World stresses the question, whether and how transnational solidarity is possible. This book is motivated by these developments and discusses and attempts to answer this question. Our main presumption is that solidarity can create stability and sustainability (social, economic, environmental, peace etc.), within states, regions and globally, why it is crucial to gain more knowledge about it. Realization of the UN Sustainability Goals 2017 and 2030 go hand in hand with solidarity at both local, regional and global levels. In this work, we do of course build on earlier discussions and investigations of solidarity"--

In his book about his Irish–South African family and his childhood under apartheid, White Boy Running, Christopher Hope writes of the "bitter emotion" that infuses the politics of both Ireland and South Africa. This essay considers how the histories of political struggle in both places are intertwined through readings of photographs taken in Ireland and South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s. I draw on these photographs to develop an argument about how affective archives of music, images, and poetry travel across time and space and serve as a conduit for raising awareness about injustice and for forging transnational solidarity. At the same time, these photographs provoke a consideration about how Irish identification with the struggle of black South Africans is complicated by the longer history of British colonialism and racism and how solidarity requires both remembering and forgetting. This essay also begins to trace the presence and work of South African activists in Ireland who campaigned against apartheid while they were in exile.

3 In Pursuit of Global International Solidarity? The Transnational Networks of the International Workers' Relief, 1921-19354 The British Miners' and General Strike of 1926: Problems and Practices of Radical International Solidarity; 5 Anti-imperialism and Nostalgia: A Re-assessment of the History and Historiography of the League Against Imperialism; 6 The International of Seamen and Harbour Workers -- A Radical Global Labour Union of the Waterfront or a Subversive World-Wide Web?

Often perceived as unbridgeable, the boundaries that divide humanity from itself - whether national, gender, racial, political or imperial - are rearticulated through friendship. Here, Elora Chowdhury and Liz Philipose edit a collection of essays that express the different ways women forge hospitality in deference to or defiance of the structures meant to keep them apart. Emerging out of postcolonial theory, the works discuss instances when the authors have negotiated friendship's complicated, conflicted and contradictory terrain; offer fresh perspectives on feminists' invested, reluctant and selective uses of the nation; reflect on how the arts contribute to conversations about feminism, dissent, resistance and solidarity; and unpack the details of transnational dissident friendships.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part One: Praxis of Friendship -- 1. Epistemic Friendships: Collective Knowledge-Making through Transnational Feminist Praxis -- 2. Meditations on Friendship: Politics of Feminist Solidarity in Ethnography -- Part Two: Gender, Nation, Solidarity -- 3. Bridging the Divide in Feminism with Transcultural Feminist Solidarity: Using the Example of Forging Friendship and Solidarity between Chinese and U.S. Women -- 4. For Sister or State? Nationalism and the Indigenous and Bengali Women's Movements in Bangladesh -- 5. Solidarity through Dissidence: Violence and Community in Indian Cinema -- Part Three: Neoliberalism, Ag ency, Friendship -- 6. Kinship Drives, Friendly Affect: Difference and Dissidence in the New Indian Border Cinema -- 7. The Space Between Us: Reading Umrigar and Sangari in the Quest for Female Friendship -- 8. Who Are "We" in the Novel? -- Part Four: Friendship across Borders -- 9. A Spirit of Solidarity: Transatlantic Friendships among Early Twentieth-century Female Peace Activists (Wilpfers) -- 10. The Dissidence of Daily Life: Feminist Friendships and the Social Fabric of Democracy -- Contributors -- Index

Solidarity is probably one of the most undeniable concepts of the social sciences as it is present in every group formation being this a country, a family or a trade union. But globalization has questioned the core of traditional solidarity and has challenged us to find new forms of solidarity that go beyond the borders of nation-states when we focus on the transnational or international level. Being once based on the identity and homogeneity of a group, solidarity must now transcend one specific group with a clear identity, clearly defined borders, constant and close interactions and settled stabilization mechanisms, the four prerequisites Engler (2016) found to be at its basis. Globalization brings two issues into play that break with these four prerequisites. On the one hand, it opens up the possibility to constitute groups beyond a specific geographical place and to grasp global problems such as climate change within transnational groups. On the other hand, globalization reinforces the idea of individualization and a decline of collectively shared identity which threads the classical idea of solidarity. In this paper we look for an enlarged concept of solidarity that can be grasped in different "places" in transnational working relations, taking the European Union as an example.